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OBJECTIVE: To study the phenolic constituents from Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston. METHODS: The ethanol crude extract of C. decapetala was fractionalized by using petroleum ether and chloroform. The chloroform part was isolated by a series of chromatography methods, and the structures of purified compounds were elucidated by their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. RESULTS: Eleven phenolic compounds were isolated and identified as methyl 2,3,5-trihydroxybenzoate (1), protocatechuic acid methyl ester (2), N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (3), trichostachine (4), cinnamylpiperidine (5), gallic acid (6), methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (7), ethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (8), resveratrol(9), 3,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxydistyrene (10), and protosappanin A (11). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-5 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Objective To introduce the application experience of Leica CM1950 automatic constant temperature freezing microtome in frozen section.Methods Cooling time and temperature were determined based on the natures of submitted masses,and some techniques were involved in the rapid section staining and diagnosis.Results The submitted masses after using this microtome gained advantages in freezing speed,few ice crystal,easy operation and high quality,and facilitated accurate pathologic diagnosis.Conclusion Leica CM1950 automatic constant temperature freezing microtome has double compressor and semiconductor refrigeration units,can set corresponding freezing temperature for different organizations and provide high-quality frozen section for accurate and rapid intraoperative pathological diagnosis.
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Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the fingerprint analysis on Chinese materia medica (CMM) elephant skin so as to provide the evidence for the quality control and application of elephant skin. Methods: To extract amino acids by the method of hydrolysis in 6 mol/L HCL and use phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) as the derivating agent. The Hypersil ODS-2 C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used. Under the condition of gradient elution, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the UV detection wavelength was 254 nm, and the column temperature was 40℃. The similarity was analyzed with "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM 2004A". Results: The HPLC characteristic fingerprint of elephant skin has been established. A total of 18 common peaks were characterized, and 17 of them were identified by comparing their retention time with reference substances. The result showed that the amino acid constituents had a high similarity. Seventeen kinds of amino acids in elephant skin were detected. Conclusion: It is the first time to establish the HPLC fingerprint of elephant skin. The method is simple and quick, which provides the scientific basis for the comprehensive quality control of elephant skin.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical features, morphology and biologic behavior of primary malignant myoepithelioma (MME) of salivary glands.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The H&E sections of 16 MME cases were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study using EnVision method for cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, S-100 protein, desmin, muscle-specific actin (MSA), smooth muscle actin (SMA), Myo, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 16 patients studied, 6 were males and 10 were females. Their ages ranged from 12 to 65 years (with an average age of 44 years). The tumor occurred predominantly in the parotid gland and minor salivary gland of the palate. Common clinical features included sudden and rapid tumor growth, superficial ulceration, bony destruction and nerve infiltration. Seven of the 16 patients developed local recurrences, while 2 patients had metastasis in the lymph nodes of submandibular or other cervical regions. Most tumors infiltrated adjacent normal salivary gland, adipose, muscular and bony tissues. The extent of local invasion however varied. Histologically, MME showed a wide range of morphologic appearance, with various combinations of clear, spindle, epithelioid or plasmacytoid cells. The tumor cells were atypical and demonstrated high mitotic activity. In this study, 9 cases were composed predominantly of clear tumor cells. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells were positive for CK, EMA, MSA, desmin and S-100 protein.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In general, MME is a rare and low-grade malignant salivary gland tumor. It carries a low potential for lymph node or distant metastasis but relatively high tendency for local recurrences, resulting in destruction of adjacent soft and bony tissues. The biologic behavior also varies, depending on the site of involvement. Morphologic diagnosis of MME can be difficult in view of the wide spectrum of histologic changes. A definitive diagnosis however is possible with the application of immunohistochemistry.</p>